UNIT 1
MUSICAL FAMILIES
The musical families are the groups of instruments that have one thing in common: they make their sound in the same way.
There are three groups: String, wind and percussion instruments.
String instruments like the violin or the double bass make a sound when their strings vibrate as we play them.
Wind instruments like the saxophone or the flute have one or more tubes inside them. When we blow into these tubes, the air in the tubes vibrates and produces the sound.
Percussion instruments like the drum or the castanets make a sound when we bang, scratch or shake them.
UNIT CONTENTS
The musical scale is a fixed sequence of musical notes. They can be ascending (DO-RE-MI-FA-SOL-LA-SI) or descending (SI-LA-SOL-FA-MI-RE-DO)
The Sound Qualities:
INTENSITY: Loud (f) or Soft (p) HEIGHT: High ( ) or Low ( )
LENGTH: Short ( ) or Long ( ) TIMBRE: person or thing that makes the sound
Remember:
The notes are symbols placed in the stave. The musical signs represent the length of the notes. The rest represent the pauses. A stave has five lines and four spaces. The treble clef is a sign placed at the beginning of a stave and shows us the position of the notes.
UNIT 2
THE STRING FAMILY
String instruments make a sound when their strings vibrate and we divide them into three groups depending on the way we play them: by sliding a bow over their strings, by plucking their strings or by striking them.
Some of the instruments we play with a bow are the violin, the viola, the cello and the double bass. All these instruments have the same shape but they are all different sizes.
When we play a guitar or a harp, we pluck the strings with our fingers or a plectrum to make the sounds.
Other instruments make a sound when we strike or bang them directly with a mallet or by pressing the keys that activate another mechanism as on a piano, for example.
Different types of string produce different sounds. Thick, long strings give us a lower tone and thin, short strings produce a higher tone.
UNIT CONTENTS
Remember: Crotchet and crotchet rest ( q "g ) minim and minim rest ( h "·) quaver and quaver rest ( e" )
The rhythm is the regular movement of the beat. There are three types of rhythms: binary (2 parts), ternary (3 parts) and quaternary (4 parts)
STRING INSTRUMENTS
Strings we play with a bow VIOLIN VIOLA CELLO DOUBLE BASS
Strings we pluck MANDOLIN GUITAR HARP BANJO LUTE
Strings we strike GRAND PIANO UPRIGHT PIANO CIMBALOM
UNIT 3
THE WIND FAMILY
All wind instruments have one or various tubes that produce a sound when we blow into them and the air inside the tubes vibrates. Wind instruments can be made of wood or metal: woodwind and metal wind (Brass).
Woodwind instruments produce their sounds in two different ways. You can blow directly into the tube through a hole, like you do when you are playing the recorder or trough a cane or reed, when you play an oboe.
All woodwind instruments have tone holes from the top to the bottom of the tube. You cover the holes with your fingers when you play the recorder but some instruments like the clarinet, for example, have little keys to cover these holes.
Woodwind instruments are: recorder, flute, oboe, clarinet, oboe and bassoon.
Metal wind instruments (Brass) produce a sound when you blow trough a mouthpiece. They do not have holes in their tubes. Some instruments like the trumpet, for example, have valves to introduce or release air from inside. Others, like the trombone, have a slide to regulate the air. The horn and the tuba are two other instruments in the metal wind family (Brass).
UNIT CONTENTS
The ECO is a musical form where we repeat a passage.
WIND INSTRUMENTS
WOODWIND: Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Saxophone, Bassoon, Recorder
METAL WIND or BRASS: Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba, Horn
Some more wind instruments: Harmonica, Pan flute, Bagpipes, Organ, Accordion, Dulzaina = Shawm.
UNIT 4
THE PERCUSSION FAMILY
Percussion instruments produce a sound when we bang, scratch or shake them. We divide them into two groups, those that make definite, tuned sounds that we can identify as melodic musical notes and those that make indefinite sounds we cannot identify as concrete sounds.
Percussion instruments are made of different materials, wood, metal or skin. When we strike or bang the instruments with a skin with drum sticks, the skin vibrates and produces a sound. Some instruments like the kettledrum are melodic and we can tune them but instruments like the drum cannot be tuned because they have an indefinite sound.
Some metal or wooden instruments like xylophone with its wooden bars or tubular bells with its metal tubes can be tuned but we cannot tune the wooden box or the triangle because they also have an indefinite sound.
UNIT CONTENTS
Music signs: The semibreve and semibreve rest ( w " · )
We use an upright bar line to separate beats. The double bar line shows the end of a piece of music. The repetition marks tell us where we have to repeat a group of notes.
PERCUSSION INTRUMENTS
DEFINITE SOUND INDEFINITE SOUND
SKIN: Kettledrums SKIN: Drums – Tambourine – Bass drum – Zambomba – Bongos – Drum set
WOOD: Xylophone - Marimba WOOD: Castanets – Rhythm sticks – wooden box
METAL: Metallophone – Tubular bells - METAL: Triangle – Cymbals – Finger cymbals – Gong – Mortar – Hit hat
Vibraphone
Instruments we SHAKE: Bells – Maracas – Rattle – Shaker – Rain stick
Instruments we SCRACH: Guiro – Cut glass bottle – Scallop shells
UNIT 5
BANDS
Bands are groups of people who usually play wind and percussion instruments. Wind and percussion instruments produce a much louder pitch than string instruments and we can hear them much better in the open air.
A band usually has sixty to a hundred musicians that can play sitting down, standing up, while they are walking along the street or marching. We call these types of bands concert bands, marching bands and military bands.
Concert bands usually play on a stage or on a bandstand in a park. They interpret classical music but they can also play popular or dance music too.
Marching bands play while they are walking to accompany religious processions or they play at village fairs and festivals.
Military bands play while the troops are marching in military parades and celebrations.
Sometimes a band includes string instruments like the violin, cello or the double bass. We call this type of band a “Symphonic band” and they usually play in auditoriums or theatres indoors. In some regions like Valencia, Murcia or Galicia, bands are very popular and people of all ages play in them.
UNIT CONTENTS
CANON: musical composition where voices enter one by one and repeat what others have sung before them.
BANDS INSTRUMENTS:
WOODWIND: FLUTE, CLARINET, OBOE, SAXOPHONE, BASSOON
METAL WIND: TRUMPET, TROMBONE, HORN, TUBA, FLUGELHORN
PERSUSSION: DRUMS, BASS DRUM, CYMBALS, KETTLEDRUM, TRIANGLE
Sometimes we can see string instruments in Symphonic bands like Cello and Double Bass
UNIT 6
SYMPHONIC ORCHESTRA
A symphonic Orchestra is a group of sixty or a hundred musicians that play string, wind and percussion instruments. The musicians in the orchestra are seated depending on how loud their instruments sound. The string instruments are placed at the front and they are organized in groups of higher or lower pitches. The woodwind players are seated behind them, next to the metal wind instruments and the percussion instruments are seated at the back.
The orchestra conductor is responsible for coordinating the whole orchestra and the way the music is interpreted.
The first small symphonic orchestras appeared in the 17th century but they became more important in the later years when they started playing compositions by Bach, Haendel and Vivaldi.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, “symphonic compositions” appeared and the great classical composers Haydn and Mozart composed music for symphonic orchestras, but it was Beethoven and his nine symphonies that gave them their maximum success in later years.
Today, the variety of instruments in modern orchestras permits musicians to play many new styles and different kinds of music.
UNIT CONTENTS
Remember:
The notes represent the pitch if a sound.
We use music sings to represent how long a note is.
The rest represent the pauses.
Rhythm: binary, ternary and quaternary.
The instrument placed in an orchestra: string, wind and percussion. The conductor.
Copyright: Feel the Music PEARSON ALWAYS LEARNING
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MY SONG BOOK
Salagadoola mechicka boola bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Put 'em together and what have you got
bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Salagadoola mechicka boola bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
It'll do magic believe it or not
bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Salagadoola means mechicka booleroo
But the thingmabob that does the job is
bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Salagadoola menchicka boola bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Put 'em together and what have you got
bibbidi-bobbidi bibbidi-bobbidi bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Put 'em together and what have you got
bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Salagadoola mechicka boola bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
It'll do magic believe it or not
bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Salagadoola means mechicka booleroo
But the thingmabob that does the job is
bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Salagadoola menchicka boola bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
Put 'em together and what have you got
bibbidi-bobbidi bibbidi-bobbidi bibbidi-bobbidi-boo
You know dasher, and dancer, and
Prancer, and vixen,
Comet, and cupid, and
Donner and blitzen
But do you recall
The most famous reindeer of all
Rudolph, the red-nosed reindeer
Had a very shiny nose
And if you ever saw it
You would even say it glows.
All of the other reindeer
Used to laugh and call him names
They never let poor rudolph
Play in any reindeer games.
Then one foggy christmas eve
Santa came to say:
rudolph with your nose so bright,
Won't you guide my sleigh tonight?
Then all the reindeer loved him
As they shouted out with glee,
Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer,
You'll go down in history!
Prancer, and vixen,
Comet, and cupid, and
Donner and blitzen
But do you recall
The most famous reindeer of all
Rudolph, the red-nosed reindeer
Had a very shiny nose
And if you ever saw it
You would even say it glows.
All of the other reindeer
Used to laugh and call him names
They never let poor rudolph
Play in any reindeer games.
Then one foggy christmas eve
Santa came to say:
rudolph with your nose so bright,
Won't you guide my sleigh tonight?
Then all the reindeer loved him
As they shouted out with glee,
Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer,
You'll go down in history!
I come from Alabama
With a banjo on my knee
I'm going to Louisiana,
My true love for to see.
With a banjo on my knee
I'm going to Louisiana,
My true love for to see.
It rained all night the day I left
The weather it was dry
The sun so hot, I froze to death
Susannah, don't you cry.
The weather it was dry
The sun so hot, I froze to death
Susannah, don't you cry.
Oh, Susannah,
Oh don't you cry for me
For I come from Alabama
With a banjo on my knee.
Oh don't you cry for me
For I come from Alabama
With a banjo on my knee.
I had a dream the other night
When everything was still
I dreamed I saw Susannah dear
A-coming down the hill.
When everything was still
I dreamed I saw Susannah dear
A-coming down the hill.
The buckwheat cake was in her mouth
The tear was in her eye
Says I, “I'm coming from the south,
Susannah, don't you cry.”
The tear was in her eye
Says I, “I'm coming from the south,
Susannah, don't you cry.”
Oh, Susannah,
Oh don't you cry for me
For I come from Alabama
With a banjo on my knee.
Oh don't you cry for me
For I come from Alabama
With a banjo on my knee.
I come from A-la-ba-ma
With a ban-jo on my knee,
I'm going to Lou-i-siana,
My true love for to see.
Oh, Su-san-nah, oh,
With a ban-jo on my knee,
I'm going to Lou-i-siana,
My true love for to see.
Oh, Su-san-nah, oh,
My Bonnie lies over the ocean,
my Bonnie lies over the sea,
My Bonnie lies over the ocean,
O bring back my Bonnie to me.
Chorus:
Bring back, bring back, O bring back my Bonnie to me, to me:
Bring back, bring back, O bring back my Bonnie to me.
O blow ye winds over the ocean,
O blow ye winds over the sea.
O blow ye winds over the ocean,
And bring back my Bonnie to me.
Repeat chorus
Mary had a little lamb,
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow.
Everywhere that Mary went,
Mary went, Mary went,
Everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go.
It followed her to school one day
School one day, school one day
It followed her to school one day
Which was against the rules.
It made the children laugh and play,
Laugh and play, laugh and play,
It made the children laugh and play
To see the lamb at school.
And so the teacher turned it out,
Turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near.
"Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
Love Mary so? Love Mary so?
"Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
The eager children cry.
"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know."
the lamb, you know, the lamb, you know
"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know."
The teacher did reply.
Mary had a little lamb,
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow.
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow.
Everywhere that Mary went,
Mary went, Mary went,
Everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go.
It followed her to school one day
School one day, school one day
It followed her to school one day
Which was against the rules.
It made the children laugh and play,
Laugh and play, laugh and play,
It made the children laugh and play
To see the lamb at school.
And so the teacher turned it out,
Turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,
But still it lingered near.
"Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
Love Mary so? Love Mary so?
"Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
The eager children cry.
"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know."
the lamb, you know, the lamb, you know
"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know."
The teacher did reply.
Mary had a little lamb,
Little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow.
Row, row, row your boat,
Gently down the stream.
Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily,
Life is but a dream.
Gently down the stream.
Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily,
Life is but a dream.
Music Games Online
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| 1 Uso de la flauta dulce. | 2 Educación musical. | 3 Proyecto PRIMARTIS. | 4 Juego con los sonidos. |
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5 Sonidos mágicos 2.
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6 Mágic Músic.
| 7 Diviértete con la música. | 8 Canciones populares infantiles |
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| 9 La carabela musical. | 10 Aprendo música. |
11 La percusión escolar.
| 12 La orquesta, karoke... |
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